» 网友学堂 » NET教程 » .NET如何访问MySQL数据库
.NET如何访问MySQL数据库
作者:ljjk5 发表时间:2008-1-7 15:15 阅读:196次 在百度搜索相关内容

  .NET的数据库天然支持MSSQLServer,但是并非其他数据库不支持,而是微软基于自身利益需要,在支持、营销上推自己的数据库产品;但是作为平台战略,他并非排斥其他数据库,而是参考java体系提出了一套数据库访问规范,让各个第三方进行开发,提供特定的驱动。
  MySQL是免费的数据库,在成本上具有无可替代的优势,但是目前来讲,并没有提供。微软把MySQL当作ODBC数据库,可以按照ODBC.Net规范进行访问,具体参考
  http://www.microsoft.com/china/community/Columns/Luyan/6.mspx
  而实际上,针对ODBC。Net的需要配置DSN的麻烦,而是出现了一个开源的系统MySQLDriverCS,对MySQL的开发进行了封装,实现了.net环境下对于MySQL数据库系统的访问。
  http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysqldrivercs/
  通过阅读源代码,我们看到MySQLDriverCS的思路是利用C函数的底层库来操纵数据库的,通常提供对MySQL数据库的访问的数据库的C DLL是名为libmySQL.dll的驱动文件,MySQLDriverCS作为一个.net库进行封装C风格的驱动。
  具体如何进行呢?
  打开工程后,我们看到其中有一个比较特殊的.cs文件CPrototypes.cs:
以下是引用片段:
  #region LICENSE
  /*
   MySQLDriverCS: An C# driver for MySQL.
   Copyright (c) 2002 Manuel Lucas Vi馻s Livschitz.
   This file is part of MySQLDriverCS.
  MySQLDriverCS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
  MySQLDriverCS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with MySQLDriverCS; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA02111-1307USA
  */
  #endregion
  using System;
  using System.Data;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  namespace MySQLDriverCS
  {
   //[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
   public class MYSQL_FIELD_FACTORY
   {
   static string version;
   public static IMYSQL_FIELD GetInstance()
   {
  if (version==null)
  {
   version = CPrototypes.GetClientInfo();
  }
  if (version.CompareTo("4.1.2-alpha")>=0)
  {
   return new MYSQL_FIELD_VERSION_5();
  }
      else
   return new MYSQL_FIELD_VERSION_3();
   }
   }
   public interface IMYSQL_FIELD
   {
   string Name{get;}
   uint Type{get;}
   long Max_Length   {get;}
   }
   ///<summary>
   /// Field descriptor
   ///</summary>
   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]//"3.23.32", 4.0.1-alpha
   internal class MYSQL_FIELD_VERSION_3: IMYSQL_FIELD
   {
   ///<summary>
   /// Name of column
   ///</summary>
   public string name;     
   ///<summary>
   /// Table of column if column was a field
   ///</summary>
   public string table;     
      //public string org_table;       /* Org table name if table was an alias */
      //public string db;       /* Database for table */
   ///<summary>
   /// def
   ///</summary>
   public string def;      
   ///<summary>
   /// length
   ///</summary>
   public long length;   
   ///<summary>
   /// max_length
   ///</summary>
   public long max_length;  
   ///<summary>
   /// Div flags
   ///</summary>
   public uint flags;    
   ///<summary>
   /// Number of decimals in field
   ///</summary>
   public uint decimals;   
   ///<summary>
   /// Type of field. Se mysql_com.h for types
   ///</summary>
   public uint type;
   ///<summary>
   /// Name
   ///</summary>
   public string Name
   {
      get{return name;}
   }
   ///<summary>
   /// Type
   ///</summary>
   public uint Type
   {
      get{return type;}
   }
   ///<summary>
   /// Max_Length
   ///</summary>
   public long Max_Length
   {
      get   {return max_length;}
   }
   }
   ///<summary>
   /// Field descriptor
   ///</summary>
   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
   internal class MYSQL_FIELD_VERSION_5: IMYSQL_FIELD
   {
   ///<summary>
   /// Name of column
   ///</summary>
   public string name;   
   ///<summary>
   /// Original column name, if an alias
   ///</summary>
   public string org_name;  
   ///<summary>
   /// Table of column if column was a field
   ///</summary>
   public string table;   
   ///<summary>
   /// Org table name if table was an alias
   ///</summary>
   public string org_table;  
   ///<summary>
   /// Database for table
   ///</summary>
   public string db;      
   ///<summary>
   /// Catalog for table
   ///</summary>
      //public string catalog;      
   ///<summary>
   ///def
   ///</summary>
   public string def;      
   ///<summary>
   /// length
   ///</summary>
   public long length;   
   ///<summary>
      /// max_length
   ///</summary>
   public long max_length;  
   ///<summary>
   /// name_length
   ///</summary>
      //public uint name_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// org_name_length
   ///</summary>
   public uint org_name_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// table_length
   ///</summary>
   public uint table_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// org_table_length
   ///</summary>
   public uint org_table_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// db_length
   ///</summary>
   public uint db_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// catalog_length
   ///</summary>
   public uint catalog_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// def_length
   ///</summary>
   public uint def_length;
   ///<summary>
   /// Div flags
   ///</summary>
   public uint flags;    
   ///<summary>
   /// Number of decimals in field
   ///</summary>
   public uint decimals;   
   ///<summary>
   /// Character set
   ///</summary>
   public uint charsetnr;  
   ///<summary>
   /// Type of field. Se mysql_com.h for types
   ///</summary>
   public uint type;
   ///<summary>
   /// Name
   ///</summary>
   public string Name
   {
      get   {return name;}
   }
   ///<summary>
   /// Type
   ///</summary>
   public uint Type
   {
      get   {return type;}
   }
   ///<summary>
   /// Max_Length
   ///</summary>
   public long Max_Length
   {
      get   {return max_length;}
   }
   }
   //[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
   public enum enum_field_types
   {
      FIELD_TYPE_DECIMAL, FIELD_TYPE_TINY,
              FIELD_TYPE_SHORT,FIELD_TYPE_LONG,
                FIELD_TYPE_FLOAT,FIELD_TYPE_DOUBLE,
                FIELD_TYPE_NULL,  FIELD_TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
                FIELD_TYPE_LONGLONG,FIELD_TYPE_INT24,
                FIELD_TYPE_DATE,  FIELD_TYPE_TIME,
                FIELD_TYPE_DATETIME, FIELD_TYPE_YEAR,
               FIELD_TYPE_NEWDATE,
                FIELD_TYPE_ENUM=247,
                FIELD_TYPE_SET=248,
                FIELD_TYPE_TINY_BLOB=249,
                FIELD_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOB=250,
                FIELD_TYPE_LONG_BLOB=251,
                FIELD_TYPE_BLOB=252,
                FIELD_TYPE_VAR_STRING=253,
                FIELD_TYPE_STRING=254,
                FIELD_TYPE_GEOMETRY=255
   };
   ///<summary>
   /// C prototypes warpper for mysqllib.
   ///</summary>
   internal class CPrototypes
   {
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_init" )]
   unsafe public static extern void* mysql_init(void* must_be_null);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_close" )]
   unsafe public static extern void mysql_close(void* handle);
   // BEGIN ADDITION 2004-07-01 BY Alex Seewald
   // Enables us to call mysql_option to activate compression and timeout
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_options" )]   
   unsafe public static extern void mysql_options(void* mysql, uint option, uint *value);
   // END ADDITION 2004-07-01 By Alex Seewald
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_real_connect" )]
   unsafe public static extern void* mysql_real_connect(void* mysql, string host, string user, string passwd, string db, uint port, string unix_socket, int client_flag);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_query" )]
   unsafe public static extern int mysql_query(void*mysql, string query);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_store_result" )]
   unsafe public static extern void *mysql_store_result(void *mysql);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_free_result" )]
   unsafe public static extern void mysql_free_result(void*result);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_errno" )]
   unsafe public static extern uint mysql_errno(void*mysql);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_error" )]
   unsafe public static extern string mysql_error(void*mysql);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_field_count" )]
   unsafe public static extern uint mysql_field_count(void*mysql);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_affected_rows" )]
   unsafe public static extern ulong mysql_affected_rows(void*mysql);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_num_fields" )]
   unsafe public static extern uint mysql_num_fields(void*result);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_num_rows" )]
   unsafe public static extern ulong mysql_num_rows(void *result);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_fetch_field_direct" )]
   unsafe public static extern IntPtr mysql_fetch_field_direct(void*result, uint fieldnr);
      ///<returns>Returns a string that represents the client library version</returns>
      [DllImport("libmySQL.dll",CharSet=System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Ansi,
      EntryPoint="mysql_get_client_info", ExactSpelling=true)]
   public static extern string GetClientInfo();
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_fetch_row" )]
   unsafe public static extern IntPtr mysql_fetch_row(void*result);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_select_db" )]
   unsafe public static extern int mysql_select_db(void*mysql,string dbname);
      [ DllImport( "libmySQL.dll", EntryPoint="mysql_fetch_lengths" )]
   unsafe public static extern UInt32 *mysql_fetch_lengths(void*result);
   }
  }
 基本上是将C风格的基础数据结构进行.net的重新定义,然后通过InteropServices进行访问。
  具体如何利用这个库进行操作,可以参考其中的例子。